Incidence, risk factors and etiological agents in surgical site infections in a developing country

Results SSI was determined in 415 (10.8%) patients in GS and 146 (4%) of patients in NS.SSI rates were 4%,16.8%,6%,16.4% and 14% in CHOL,COLO,GAST,SB and BILI, respectively in GS.In NS, SSI rates were 4%, 4.8% and 4.5% in CRAN, VSHN and FUSN.Cefazolin was used in 780 (49%) operations in GS, 1266 (95%) of operations in NS for antimicrobial prophylaxis.Broad spectrum antibiotics were administered in the rest of the patients.Antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP) were administered for >24 h in 69% and 64% of patients in GS and NS, respectively.The most significant risk factors for SSIs were total parenteral nutrition, transfusion and presence of drain in GS, and total parenteral nutrition, transfusion, stress ulcer prophylaxis, presence of drain and foreign material in NS.The most common pathogen was Escherichia coli in GS and Acinetobacter baumannii in NS.Isolated pathogens were multiresistant, with 58% quinolone resistance in E.coli and 67% imipenem resistance in A.baumannii. Conclusion Surveillance of surgical site infections is one of the most important infection control issue. Prolonged use of AMP and use of broad spectrum antibiotics are associated with emergence of resistant bacterial strains.